I just found out a review written by Orson Scott Card. It is quite consistent with my explanation of the movie.
He writes the best summary:
In fact, the time travel stuff is more of a smokescreen. At heart, this is the story of a young man who is doomed -- and a merciful God who gives him twenty-eight days of a life that never existed, in which to become a hero and a rebel, and to find love.

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